{"id":2463,"date":"2025-08-11T02:10:28","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T19:10:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/gene-sua-doi-muoi-co-the-cham-dut-benh-sot-ret\/"},"modified":"2025-08-11T02:10:29","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T19:10:29","slug":"gene-sua-doi-muoi-co-the-cham-dut-benh-sot-ret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/gene-sua-doi-muoi-co-the-cham-dut-benh-sot-ret\/","title":{"rendered":"Gene s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>M&#7897;t nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7897;t ph&aacute; m&#7899;i &#273;&acirc;y &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&ocirc;ng b&#7889; tr&ecirc;n t&#7841;p ch&iacute; Nature, h&eacute; m&#7903; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p m&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n s&#7921; l&acirc;y lan c&#7911;a k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng g&acirc;y b&#7879;nh s&#7889;t r&eacute;t th&ocirc;ng qua v&#7871;t &#273;&#7889;t c&#7911;a mu&#7895;i. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c &#273;&atilde; th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng trong vi&#7879;c t&igrave;m ra c&aacute;ch &#8220;m&#7841;ch ng&#7855;n&#8221; k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng n&agrave;y b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a gene c&#7911;a mu&#7895;i, t&#7915; &#273;&oacute; m&#7903; ra hy v&#7885;ng m&#7899;i trong cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i b&#7879;nh s&#7889;t r&eacute;t.<\/p>\n<p>B&#7879;nh s&#7889;t r&eacute;t l&agrave; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e nghi&ecirc;m tr&#7885;ng tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n c&#7847;u, g&acirc;y ra b&#7903;i k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng Plasmodium, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c truy&#7873;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i qua v&#7871;t &#273;&#7889;t c&#7911;a mu&#7895;i nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh. M&#7895;i n&#259;m, h&#417;n 250 tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i b&#7879;nh n&agrave;y. &#272;&#7875; lan r&#7897;ng, k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng c&#7847;n ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p b&ecirc;n trong c&#417; th&#7875; mu&#7895;i. Ban &#273;&#7847;u, mu&#7895;i h&uacute;t m&aacute;u t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh, sau &#273;&oacute; k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng di chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n ru&#7897;t c&#7911;a mu&#7895;i. T&#7841;i &#273;&acirc;y, ch&uacute;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i m&#7897;t th&aacute;ch th&#7913;c l&#7899;n l&agrave; di chuy&#7875;n ra kh&#7887;i ru&#7897;t v&agrave; v&agrave;o khoang c&#417; th&#7875;, n&#417;i ch&uacute;ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng kh&aacute;c, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi di chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n tuy&#7871;n n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7885;t c&#7911;a mu&#7895;i. T&#7841;i tuy&#7871;n n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7885;t n&agrave;y, ch&uacute;ng s&#7861;n s&agrave;ng l&acirc;y nhi&#7877;m cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#7871;p theo b&#7883; &#273;&#7889;t.<\/p>\n<p>&#272;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7843;y quan tr&#7885;ng n&agrave;y, k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&agrave;o m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i protein do ch&iacute;nh mu&#7895;i t&#7841;o ra. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, m&#7897;t s&#7889; mu&#7895;i c&oacute; bi&#7871;n th&#7875; c&#7911;a protein n&agrave;y d&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; ph&aacute; v&#7905; h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh c&#7911;a k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c t&#7841;i &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c California San Diego &#273;&atilde; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a gene CRISPR &#273;&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i bi&#7871;n th&#7875; c&#7911;a protein n&agrave;y trong mu&#7895;i. Ch&#7881; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#7887;, vi&#7879;c ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a ch&#7881; m&#7897;t amino acid trong gene &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n h&#7847;u h&#7871;t k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng di chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&iacute;ch cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng trong mu&#7895;i.<\/p>\n<p>C&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u hy v&#7885;ng s&#7869; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; &#8220;gene drive&#8221; &#273;&#7875; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n thay &#273;&#7893;i c&oacute; l&#7907;i n&agrave;y trong to&agrave;n b&#7897; qu&#7847;n th&#7875; mu&#7895;i. Gene drive l&agrave; c&aacute;c chu&#7895;i DNA c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&egrave;n v&agrave;o genome v&agrave; thay &#273;&#7893;i quy t&#7855;c di truy&#7873;n th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p n&agrave;y c&ograve;n g&acirc;y tranh c&atilde;i v&agrave; ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i ph&ograve;ng th&iacute; nghi&#7879;m do lo ng&#7841;i v&#7873; h&#7853;u qu&#7843; kh&ocirc;ng mong mu&#7889;n. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u cho bi&#7871;t s&#7869; c&#7847;n v&agrave;i n&#259;m n&#7919;a &#273;&#7875; c&oacute; th&#7875; ti&#7871;n h&agrave;nh th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m th&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;a.<\/p>\n<p>Nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u n&agrave;y cho th&#7845;y v&#7873; nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c, m&#7897;t ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a nh&#7887; trong genome c&oacute; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n to&agrave;n b&#7897; qu&#7847;n th&#7875; mu&#7895;i kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; truy&#7873;n b&#7879;nh s&#7889;t r&eacute;t nguy hi&#7875;m n&agrave;y. M&#7863;c d&ugrave; v&#7851;n c&ograve;n nhi&#7873;u th&aacute;ch th&#7913;c v&agrave; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u, nh&#432;ng ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n n&agrave;y m&#7903; ra m&#7897;t tia hy v&#7885;ng m&#7899;i trong vi&#7879;c ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t v&agrave; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; b&#7879;nh s&#7889;t r&eacute;t trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai. Vi&#7879;c &aacute;p d&#7909;ng c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a gene v&agrave;o vi&#7879;c ph&ograve;ng ch&#7889;ng b&#7879;nh truy&#7873;n nhi&#7877;m n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; mang l&#7841;i m&#7897;t gi&#7843;i ph&aacute;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&agrave; b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u v&agrave; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7875; ho&agrave;n thi&#7879;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p n&agrave;y. H&#7885; c&#361;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i xem x&eacute;t c&aacute;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c, an to&agrave;n v&agrave; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &aacute;p d&#7909;ng r&#7897;ng r&atilde;i. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;n b&#7897; trong c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a gene v&agrave; s&#7921; hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t s&acirc;u s&#7855;c h&#417;n v&#7873; sinh h&#7885;c c&#7911;a k&yacute; sinh tr&ugrave;ng v&agrave; mu&#7895;i, hy v&#7885;ng r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ng&agrave;y n&agrave;o &#273;&oacute;, b&#7879;nh s&#7889;t r&eacute;t s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n l&agrave; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e nghi&ecirc;m tr&#7885;ng tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n c&#7847;u.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng l\u00e2y lan b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t axit amin trong gen c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gene \ub4dc\ub77c\uc774\ube0c. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gene \ub4dc\ub77c\uc774\ube0c c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[2878,1455,2879,2877,2880],"class_list":["post-2463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thoi-su","tag-cong-nghe-gene","tag-khoa-hoc","tag-muoi","tag-sot-ret","tag-y-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2463"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2463\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}