{"id":17052,"date":"2025-09-24T16:52:59","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T09:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/phat-hien-va-cham-ho-den-lon-nhat-trong-vu-tru\/"},"modified":"2025-09-24T16:53:01","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T09:53:01","slug":"phat-hien-va-cham-ho-den-lon-nhat-trong-vu-tru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/phat-hien-va-cham-ho-den-lon-nhat-trong-vu-tru\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m h\u1ed1 \u0111en l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>M&#7897;t nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u m&#7899;i c&ocirc;ng b&#7889; &#273;&atilde; ghi nh&#7853;n v&#7909; va ch&#7841;m gi&#7919;a hai h&#7889; &#273;en v&#7899;i quy m&ocirc; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7871;n nay, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; GW231123. S&#7921; ki&#7879;n n&agrave;y l&agrave; v&#7909; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t h&#7889; &#273;en l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n, v&#7899;i m&#7895;i h&#7889; &#273;en c&oacute; kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng g&#7845;p h&agrave;ng tr&#259;m l&#7847;n kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng M&#7863;t Tr&#7901;i.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.tripmap.vn\/blog-npn\/2025\/09\/phat-hien-va-cham-ho-den-lon-nhat-trong-vu-tru.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\"><\/figure>\n<p>V&#7909; va ch&#7841;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n b&#7903;i nh&oacute;m c&aacute;c nh&agrave; thi&ecirc;n v&#259;n h&#7885;c khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#272;&agrave;i quan s&aacute;t s&oacute;ng h&#7845;p d&#7851;n giao thoa k&#7871; laser (LIGO). Nh&#7919;ng g&#7907;n s&oacute;ng m&#7901; nh&#7841;t trong kh&ocirc;ng &#8211; th&#7901;i gian sinh ra t&#7915; v&#7909; va ch&#7841;m gi&#7919;a hai h&#7889; &#273;en &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quan s&aacute;t th&#7845;y. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; v&#7853;t l&yacute; g&#7885;i nh&#7919;ng g&#7907;n s&oacute;ng n&agrave;y l&agrave; s&oacute;ng h&#7845;p d&#7851;n.<\/p>\n<p>S&oacute;ng h&#7845;p d&#7851;n &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921; &#273;o&aacute;n b&#7903;i Albert Einstein v&agrave;o n&#259;m1915 trong thuy&#7871;t t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i r&#7897;ng, nh&#432;ng &ocirc;ng cho r&#7857;ng ch&uacute;ng qu&aacute; y&#7871;u n&ecirc;n c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a th&#7875; ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m2016, LIGO l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n ghi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&uacute;ng trong m&#7897;t v&#7909; va ch&#7841;m gi&#7919;a hai h&#7889; &#273;en.<\/p>\n<p>K&#7875; t&#7915; l&#7847;n ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n, LIGO c&ugrave;ng c&aacute;c thi&#7871;t b&#7883; &#273;&#7891;ng h&agrave;nh, g&#7891;m Virgo &#7903; &Yacute; v&agrave; KAGRA &#7903; Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n, &#273;&atilde; ghi nh&#7853;n kho&#7843;ng300 v&#7909; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t h&#7889; &#273;en. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, GW231123 l&agrave; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t trong s&#7889; h&#417;n300 v&#7909; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; v&igrave; quy m&ocirc; kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; c&#7911;a v&#7909; va ch&#7841;m.<\/p>\n<p>C&aacute;c h&#7889; &#273;en ri&ecirc;ng l&#7867; n&agrave;y &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t b&#7903;i ch&uacute;ng c&oacute; kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#7857;m trong kho&#7843;ng m&agrave; c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c kh&ocirc;ng ngh&#297; r&#7857;ng ch&uacute;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra t&#7915; c&aacute;i ch&#7871;t c&#7911;a c&aacute;c ng&ocirc;i sao. Ch&#432;a d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; &#273;&oacute;, hai h&#7889; &#273;en n&agrave;y c&ograve;n c&oacute; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng quay g&#7847;n nh&#432; v&#7899;i t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7889;i &#273;a cho ph&eacute;p v&#7873; m&#7863;t v&#7853;t l&yacute;.<\/p>\n<p>GW231123 &#273;&#7863;t ra m&#7897;t th&aacute;ch th&#7913;c l&#7899;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta v&#7873; qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh h&#7889; &#273;en. Theo thuy&#7871;t t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i r&#7897;ng c&#7911;a Einstein, l&#7921;c h&#7845;p d&#7851;n l&agrave; s&#7921; u&#7889;n cong c&#7911;a kh&ocirc;ng &#8211; th&#7901;i gian, bu&#7897;c c&aacute;c v&#7853;t th&#7875; ph&#7843;i di chuy&#7875;n theo nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong trong kh&ocirc;ng gian.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, theo chuy&ecirc;n gia Mark Hannam, nh&#7919;ng s&oacute;ng h&#7845;p d&#7851;n n&agrave;y l&#7841;i v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng y&#7871;u v&agrave; c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c &#273;ang g&#7863;p h&#7841;n ch&#7871; v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng th&ocirc;ng tin ch&uacute;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, hi&#7879;n v&#7851;n ch&#432;a x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c kho&#7843;ng c&aacute;ch c&#7911;a GW231123 so v&#7899;i Tr&aacute;i &#272;&#7845;t, n&oacute; c&oacute; th&#7875; c&aacute;ch ch&uacute;ng ta t&#7899;i12 t&#7927; n&#259;m &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy v&#7853;y, nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c Hannam cho bi&#7871;t nh&oacute;m nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u t&#7921; tin v&#7873; kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a hai h&#7889; &#273;en, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;&#7899;c t&iacute;nh l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t l&agrave; g&#7845;p kho&#7843;ng100 v&agrave;140 l&#7847;n kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng M&#7863;t Tr&#7901;i. Nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; n&agrave;y &#273;&atilde; khi&#7871;n gi&#7899;i khoa h&#7885;c b&#7889;i r&#7889;i.<\/p>\n<p>C&oacute; nh&#7919;ng c&#417; ch&#7871; ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh h&#7889; &#273;en, &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; khi m&#7897;t ng&ocirc;i sao c&#7841;n nhi&ecirc;n li&#7879;u, ch&#7871;t v&agrave; s&#7909;p xu&#7889;ng. Nh&#432;ng c&oacute; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng m&agrave; c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c cho r&#7857;ng kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh h&#7889; &#273;en theo c&aacute;ch &#273;&oacute; v&agrave; c&aacute;c h&#7889; &#273;en trong GW231123 l&#7841;i n&#7857;m ch&iacute;nh gi&#7919;a kho&#7843;ng kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&oacute;.<\/p>\n<p>Do &#273;&oacute;, c&acirc;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#7863;t ra l&agrave; ch&uacute;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch n&agrave;o? &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&oacute; khi&#7871;n ch&uacute;ng tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng th&uacute; v&#7883;. M&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&aacute;ng ch&uacute; &yacute; kh&aacute;c c&#7911;a GW231123 l&agrave; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; quay quanh nhau c&#7921;c k&#7923; nhanh c&#7911;a hai h&#7889; &#273;en.<\/p>\n<p>Cho &#273;&#7871;n nay, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&aacute;c h&#7889; &#273;en m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n th&ocirc;ng qua s&oacute;ng h&#7845;p d&#7851;n &#273;&#7873;u quay t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i ch&#7853;m. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y cho th&#7845;y GW231123 c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh theo m&#7897;t c&#417; ch&#7871; kh&aacute;c so v&#7899;i c&aacute;c v&#7909; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t t&#7915;ng quan s&aacute;t tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&oacute;, ho&#7863;c c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u cho th&#7845;y c&aacute;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh.<\/p>\n<p>Theo Gi&aacute;o s&#432; Mark Hannam, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; quay nhanh nh&#432; v&#7853;y r&#7845;t kh&oacute; h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh trong &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i c&#7911;ng c&#7889; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t r&#7857;ng hai h&#7889; &#273;en trong s&#7921; ki&#7879;n n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&atilde; tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng v&#7909; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&oacute; v&igrave; h&#7889; &#273;en t&#7915;ng h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&oacute; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng quay nhanh h&#417;n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Va ch\u1ea1m h\u1ed1 \u0111en l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi GW231123, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qua g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb LIGO. Hai h\u1ed1 \u0111en n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 sao v\u00e0 quay quanh nhau r\u1ea5t nhanh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[13654,13655,490,3297],"class_list":["post-17052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thoi-su","tag-ho-den","tag-ligo","tag-thien-van","tag-vu-tru"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17052"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17052\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}