{"id":15450,"date":"2025-09-20T17:19:58","date_gmt":"2025-09-20T10:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/nao-bo-phan-doan-ngoai-hinh-nguoi-khac-nhu-the-nao\/"},"modified":"2025-09-20T17:19:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-20T10:19:58","slug":"nao-bo-phan-doan-ngoai-hinh-nguoi-khac-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/nao-bo-phan-doan-ngoai-hinh-nguoi-khac-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>M&#7897;t nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u m&#7899;i &#273;&atilde; x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&aacute;c m&#7851;u h&igrave;nh&#35222;&#35258; m&agrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng khi &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&#417; th&#7875;, cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute; t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t v&agrave;o ng&#7921;c v&agrave; th&acirc;n m&igrave;nh. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&atilde; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; theo d&otilde;i m&#7855;t &#273;&#7875; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng c&aacute;c m&#7851;u nh&igrave;n n&agrave;y b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875; v&agrave; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&#7909; th&#7875; &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n. Nh&#7919;ng ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n n&agrave;y v&#7915;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&ocirc;ng b&#7889; trong Behavioral Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi c&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&acirc;y &#273;&atilde; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh &#7845;n t&#432;&#7907;ng nhanh ch&oacute;ng v&agrave; nh&#7845;t qu&aacute;n d&#7921;a tr&ecirc;n ngo&#7841;i h&igrave;nh, bao g&#7891;m h&igrave;nh d&#7841;ng v&agrave; k&iacute;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; th&#7875;, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n c&ograve;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i &iacute;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t v&#7873; n&#417;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&igrave;n trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; n&agrave;y. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&acirc;y &#273;&#7873;u t&#7853;p trung v&agrave;o s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#7843;nh ho&#7863;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh &#273;&#417;n. &#272;&#7897;i ng&#361; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u m&#7899;i n&agrave;y &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#7863;t m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; c&aacute;ch ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7873; s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e v&agrave; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867;, m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&#7843; m&#7851;u h&igrave;nh&#35222;&#35258; c&#7911;a h&#7885; khi &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; n&agrave;y.<\/p>\n<p>T&aacute;c gi&#7843; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u Edward Morrison, m&#7897;t gi&#7843;ng vi&ecirc;n cao c&#7845;p t&#7841;i &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Portsmouth, cho bi&#7871;t: &#8216;Nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u n&agrave;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n v&#7899;i sinh vi&ecirc;n &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c v&agrave; t&aacute;c gi&#7843; c&ugrave;ng nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u, Marianne Lanigan. C&ocirc; &#7845;y quan t&acirc;m &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng theo d&otilde;i m&#7855;t cho d&#7921; &aacute;n nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, v&agrave; ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i &#273;&atilde; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y v&#7899;i s&#7921; quan t&acirc;m c&#7911;a t&ocirc;i trong nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c x&atilde; h&#7897;i &#8211; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i &#273;&#432;a ra v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>C&oacute; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; c&aacute;ch ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c t&#7915; v&#7867; ngo&agrave;i, bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; c&aacute;ch h&#7885; g&#7847;y ho&#7863;c b&eacute;o, nh&#432;ng c&oacute; &iacute;t nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; c&aacute;ch chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7855;t c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c nhau khi nh&igrave;n v&agrave;o nh&#7919;ng c&#417; th&#7875; n&agrave;y, v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; g&igrave; v&#7873; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7855;t khi &#273;&#432;a ra c&aacute;c &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; kh&aacute;c nhau v&#7873; c&ugrave;ng m&#7897;t c&#417; th&#7875;. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i &#273;&atilde; xem x&eacute;t &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; v&#7873; s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e v&agrave; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867;, t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7889; ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a c&#7911;a s&#7921; ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>&#272;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tra v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&agrave;y, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&atilde; tuy&#7875;n d&#7909;ng 32 ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia, ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&agrave; sinh vi&ecirc;n t&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c, v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i trung b&igrave;nh kho&#7843;ng 20 tu&#7893;i. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; n&#7919; v&agrave; x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&agrave; d&#7883; t&iacute;nh ho&#7863;c song t&iacute;nh. Nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n trong m&#7897;t m&ocirc;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&ograve;ng th&iacute; nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t, n&#417;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia xem h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh k&#7929; thu&#7853;t s&#7889; c&#7911;a c&aacute;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nam v&agrave; n&#7919; kh&aacute;c nhau c&oacute; ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch c&oacute; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng. C&aacute;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra b&#7857;ng c&ocirc;ng c&#7909; tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n h&oacute;a v&#7873; chi&#7873;u cao nh&#432;ng kh&aacute;c nhau v&#7873; tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; m&ocirc; ph&#7887;ng c&aacute;c h&#7841;ng m&#7909;c g&#7847;y, c&acirc;n n&#7863;ng th&#7845;p, c&acirc;n n&#7863;ng cao, th&#7915;a c&acirc;n v&agrave; b&eacute;o ph&igrave;.<\/p>\n<p>Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; m&#7895;i m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh tr&ecirc;n ba chi&#7873;u &#8211; s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e v&agrave; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867;, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng thang &#273;i&#7875;m Likert s&aacute;u &#273;i&#7875;m. Trong khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y, thi&#7871;t b&#7883; theo d&otilde;i m&#7855;t &#273;&atilde; ghi l&#7841;i n&#417;i v&agrave; th&#7901;i gian h&#7885; nh&igrave;n v&agrave;o c&aacute;c b&#7897; ph&#7853;n kh&aacute;c nhau c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875;, bao g&#7891;m &#273;&#7847;u, ng&#7921;c, eo, &#273;&ugrave;i v&agrave; ch&acirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i. M&#7895;i h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;n th&#7883; trong n&#259;m gi&acirc;y, v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t lo&#7841;t c&aacute;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n l&agrave; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; t&#7845;t c&#7843; n&#259;m m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh n&#7919; v&#7873; s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, sau &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e v&agrave; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867;, v&agrave; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i quy tr&igrave;nh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; cho c&aacute;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nam. Th&#7913; t&#7921; tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&acirc;n b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u sai s&oacute;t.<\/p>\n<p>C&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&atilde; ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch c&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo d&otilde;i m&#7855;t v&agrave; &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute;. H&#7885; &#273;&atilde; t&igrave;m th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng s&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute;&#35222;&#35258; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&acirc;n b&#7889; &#273;&#7873;u tr&ecirc;n c&#417; th&#7875;. Ng&#7921;c v&agrave; eo nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute; nh&#7845;t v&agrave; th&#7901;i gian xem l&acirc;u nh&#7845;t, trong khi &#273;&ugrave;i v&agrave; ch&acirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &iacute;t nh&#7845;t. Th&uacute; v&#7883; l&agrave;, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia c&oacute; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng nh&igrave;n l&acirc;u h&#417;n v&agrave; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&ecirc;n h&#417;n v&agrave;o c&aacute;c m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nam h&#417;n l&agrave; m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh n&#7919;. M&#7851;u h&igrave;nh n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&atilde; b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i s&#7921; th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; c&#7911;a ph&#7909; n&#7919; d&#7883; t&iacute;nh trong nh&oacute;m tham gia.<\/p>\n<p>B&#7897; ph&#7853;n c&#417; th&#7875; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute; &#273;&atilde; thay &#273;&#7893;i theo k&iacute;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; th&#7875;. &#7902; ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875; th&#7845;p h&#417;n, con ng&#432;&#7901;i d&agrave;nh nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; nh&igrave;n v&agrave;o eo, trong khi &#7903; tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng cao h&#417;n, c&aacute;i nh&igrave;n c&#7911;a h&#7885; chuy&#7875;n h&#432;&#7899;ng nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n &#273;&#7871;n ng&#7921;c. S&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7847;u t&#259;ng l&ecirc;n khi ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875; t&#259;ng l&ecirc;n, c&oacute; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n &aacute;nh m&#7889;i li&ecirc;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&acirc;n n&#7863;ng v&agrave; tu&#7893;i t&aacute;c. Nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i n&agrave;y x&#7843;y ra ngay c&#7843; khi nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch c&oacute; &yacute; th&#7913;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&aacute;c v&ugrave;ng c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7909; th&#7875;.<\/p>\n<p>C&aacute;c lo&#7841;i &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; x&atilde; h&#7897;i kh&aacute;c nhau c&#361;ng tinh vi &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n h&agrave;nh vi nh&igrave;n. Khi nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867;, h&#7885; c&oacute; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng nh&igrave;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&agrave;o &#273;&#7847;u, so v&#7899;i khi h&#7885; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n ho&#7863;c s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; &yacute; ngh&#297;a khi khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t mang l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u t&iacute;n hi&#7879;u&#35222;&#35258; li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n tu&#7893;i t&aacute;c. &#272;i&#7875;m &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; cho s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&agrave;o ng&#7921;c v&agrave; ph&#7847;n eo, khu v&#7921;c li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ph&acirc;n ph&#7889;i m&#7905; nh&igrave;n th&#7845;y v&agrave; c&#417; b&#7855;p.<\/p>\n<p>Khi n&oacute;i &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; th&#7921;c t&#7871;, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&acirc;n n&#7863;ng kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh th&#7845;p nh&#7845;t l&agrave; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n v&agrave; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t. &#272;i&#7875;m &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867;, tr&aacute;i l&#7841;i, &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7881;nh cao nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#417; th&#7875; nh&#7865; nh&#7845;t &#8211; nh&#7919;ng c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&acirc;n lo&#7841;i l&agrave; g&#7847;y. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n &aacute;nh m&#7889;i li&ecirc;n h&#7879; v&#259;n h&oacute;a v&agrave; ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a gi&#7919;a s&#7921; g&#7847;y, tu&#7893;i tr&#7867; v&agrave; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng sinh s&#7843;n. Khi ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875; t&#259;ng l&ecirc;n, &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867; gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n cho c&#7843; m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nam v&agrave; n&#7919;.<\/p>\n<p>C&#361;ng c&oacute; m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t trong c&aacute;ch nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&#417; th&#7875; nam v&agrave; n&#7919;. M&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nam g&#7847;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; th&#7845;p h&#417;n &#273;&aacute;ng k&#7875; v&#7873; s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n v&agrave; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e so v&#7899;i m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh n&#7919; g&#7847;y. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n &aacute;nh c&aacute;ch c&#417; b&#7855;p th&#7845;p, th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i k&egrave;m v&#7899;i c&acirc;n n&#7863;ng th&#7845;p, b&#7883; nh&igrave;n nh&#7853;n ti&ecirc;u c&#7921;c &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh n&#7919;, ngay c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh g&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7905;ng c&acirc;n n&#7863;ng kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; cao v&#7873; s&#7921; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n v&agrave; tu&#7893;i tr&#7867;. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i l&yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#259;n h&oacute;a c&oacute; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#432;u ti&ecirc;n s&#7921; g&#7847;y &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919;&#3617;&#3634;&#3585; h&#417;n &#7903; nam gi&#7899;i.<\/p>\n<p>C&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u c&#361;ng t&igrave;m th&#7845;y c&aacute;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&aacute;c gi&#7919;a gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh c&#7911;a m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh, lo&#7841;i &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; v&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875;. V&iacute; d&#7909;, m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nam kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t c&oacute; ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#7889;i c&#417; th&#7875; cao h&#417;n m&#7897;t ch&uacute;t so v&#7899;i m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh h&#7845;p d&#7851;n nh&#7845;t, cho th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia c&oacute; th&#7875; li&ecirc;n k&#7871;t m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#417; b&#7855;p v&#7899;i s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y tr&aacute;i ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i c&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&acirc;y cho th&#7845;y con ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#432;&#7901;ng th&iacute;ch c&#417; th&#7875; g&#7847;y h&#417;n ngay c&#7843; khi ch&uacute;ng tr&ocirc;ng k&eacute;m kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh. S&#7921; kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t c&oacute; th&#7875; do s&#7921; kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t v&#259;n h&oacute;a, v&igrave; c&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&acirc;y cho th&#7845;y m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh n&agrave;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7851;u t&#7915; d&acirc;n s&#7889; ch&acirc;u &Aacute;, trong khi nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i ch&#7911; y&#7871;u li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia g&#7889;c ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u.<\/p>\n<p>M&#7863;c d&ugrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u cung c&#7845;p c&aacute;i nh&igrave;n s&acirc;u s&#7855;c m&#7899;i v&#7873; c&aacute;ch con ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&iacute;n hi&#7879;u&#35222;&#35258; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c, nh&#432;ng n&oacute; v&#7851;n c&oacute; m&#7897;t s&#7889; h&#7841;n ch&#7871;. K&iacute;ch th&#432;&#7899;c m&#7851;u nh&#7887; v&agrave; thi&ecirc;n v&#7883; v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh v&agrave; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i, &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &aacute;p d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cho c&aacute;c d&acirc;n s&#7889; r&#7897;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n.<\/p>\n<p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&oacute; th&#7875; kh&aacute;c n&#7871;u ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i c&oacute; &#273;&#7911; ng&#432;&#7901;i xem nam &#273;&#7875; so s&aacute;nh, v&igrave; c&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u kh&aacute;c cho th&#7845;y&#8217;, Morrison l&#432;u &yacute;. &#8216;C&aacute;c k&iacute;ch th&iacute;ch c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i c&#361;ng l&agrave; m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra b&#7903;i m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; khu&ocirc;n m&#7863;t ho&#7863;c qu&#7847;n &aacute;o (nh&#432;ng kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; c&#417; quan sinh d&#7909;c). &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y l&agrave; &#273;&#7875; ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i c&oacute; th&#7875; ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t k&iacute;ch th&#432;&#7899;c c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m trong khi gi&#7919; m&#7885;i th&#7913; kh&aacute;c kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7893;i. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i c&oacute; th&#7875; nh&igrave;n v&agrave;o m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra b&#7903;i m&aacute;y t&iacute;nh kh&aacute;c v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c.<\/p>\n<p>C&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t r&#7857;ng c&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai n&ecirc;n bao g&#7891;m h&#7895;n h&#7907;p ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia c&acirc;n b&#7857;ng h&#417;n v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh v&agrave; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i. H&#7885; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; c&aacute;ch h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh c&#417; th&#7875; v&agrave; kinh nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#7883;nh h&igrave;nh &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c. C&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u trong m&ocirc;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;n h&#417;n, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng thi&#7871;t b&#7883; theo d&otilde;i m&#7855;t c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;eo trong khi quan s&aacute;t m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; n&#417;i c&ocirc;ng c&#7897;ng, c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; gi&uacute;p x&aacute;c nh&#7853;n li&#7879;u c&aacute;c m&#7851;u quan s&aacute;t trong ph&ograve;ng th&iacute; nghi&#7879;m c&oacute; ph&#7843;n &aacute;nh h&agrave;nh vi trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7921;c hay kh&ocirc;ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo d\u00f5i m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.  Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[12639,12641,12640,4771,12638],"class_list":["post-15450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thoi-su","tag-ban-do-hinh-anh","tag-chi-so-khoi-luong-co-the","tag-danh-gia-co-the","tag-nghien-cuu","tag-theo-doi-mat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15450\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}