{"id":14325,"date":"2025-09-17T19:20:36","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T12:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/phat-hien-dam-may-khi-ethanol-khong-lo-trong-vu-tru\/"},"modified":"2025-09-17T19:20:46","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T12:20:46","slug":"phat-hien-dam-may-khi-ethanol-khong-lo-trong-vu-tru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/phat-hien-dam-may-khi-ethanol-khong-lo-trong-vu-tru\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y kh\u00ed ethanol kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<p> V&agrave;o m&#7897;t &#273;&ecirc;m th&aacute;ng 9 n&#259;m 1995, m&#7897;t kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; &#273;&aacute;ng kinh ng&#7841;c &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c thi&ecirc;n v&#259;n h&#7885;c, l&agrave;m thay &#273;&#7893;i quan ni&#7879;m c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7873; s&#7921; k&#7923; v&#297; v&agrave; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p c&#7911;a v&#361; tr&#7909;. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c &#273;&atilde; t&igrave;nh c&#7901; ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n ra m&#7897;t &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y kh&iacute; kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t t&ecirc;n l&agrave; G34.3, ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n ethanol, hay c&ograve;n g&#7885;i l&agrave; c&#7891;n etylic. &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897;t ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n quan tr&#7885;ng, gi&uacute;p ch&uacute;ng ta hi&#7875;u r&otilde; h&#417;n v&#7873; s&#7921; h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh c&#7911;a c&aacute;c ng&ocirc;i sao v&agrave; th&agrave;nh ph&#7847;n h&oacute;a h&#7885;c c&#7911;a v&#361; tr&#7909;.<\/p>\n<p>&#272;&aacute;m m&acirc;y G34.3 l&agrave; m&#7897;t &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y kh&iacute; li&ecirc;n sao, hay c&ograve;n g&#7885;i l&agrave; tinh v&acirc;n, n&#7857;m c&aacute;ch Tr&aacute;i &#272;&#7845;t kho&#7843;ng 10.000 n&#259;m &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng. V&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&iacute;nh g&#7845;p 1.000 l&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&iacute;nh H&#7879; M&#7863;t Tr&#7901;i, &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y n&agrave;y l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#7845;u tr&uacute;c v&#361; tr&#7909; kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;. &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t c&#7911;a &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y n&agrave;y l&agrave; s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a c&#7891;n etylic, m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i c&#7891;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; c&#7891;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong &#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng. Theo c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c, l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7891;n trong G34.3 l&#7899;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c c&oacute; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p 400 ngh&igrave;n t&#7927; pint bia.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.tripmap.vn\/blog-npn\/2025\/09\/phat-hien-dam-may-khi-ethanol-khong-lo-trong-vu-tru.webp\" alt=\"C&aacute;c nh&agrave; thi&ecirc;n v&#259;n h&#7885;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&iacute;nh vi&#7877;n v&#7885;ng, nh&#432; K&iacute;nh vi&#7877;n v&#7885;ng kh&ocirc;ng gian James Webb, &#273;&#7875; ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng h&#7891;ng ngo&#7841;i ph&aacute;t ra t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y n&agrave;y v&agrave; x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a c&aacute;c ph&acirc;n t&#7917; c&#7909; th&#7875;, bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; r&#432;&#7907;u.\" width=\"100%\"><figcaption>C&aacute;c nh&agrave; thi&ecirc;n v&#259;n h&#7885;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&iacute;nh vi&#7877;n v&#7885;ng, nh&#432; K&iacute;nh vi&#7877;n v&#7885;ng kh&ocirc;ng gian James Webb, &#273;&#7875; ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng h&#7891;ng ngo&#7841;i ph&aacute;t ra t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y n&agrave;y v&agrave; x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a c&aacute;c ph&acirc;n t&#7917; c&#7909; th&#7875;, bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; r&#432;&#7907;u.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p> Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, d&ugrave; c&oacute; v&#7867; nh&#432; &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897;t &#8216;b&#7919;a ti&#7879;c bia th&#432;&#7907;ng h&#7841;ng&#8217; trong tr&iacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang tr&ocirc;i n&#7893;i trong kh&ocirc;ng gian, nh&#432;ng c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c l&#7841;i c&oacute; m&#7897;t tin x&#7845;u: &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng th&iacute;ch h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; con ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&ecirc;u th&#7909;. Ti&#7871;n s&#297; Lisa Harvey-Smith, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u nh&oacute;m nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u, gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch r&#7857;ng &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y n&agrave;y c&ograve;n ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t s&#7889; h&oacute;a ch&#7845;t &#273;&#7897;c h&#7841;i kh&aacute;c nh&#432; carbon dioxide, amoniac v&agrave; hydro xyanua. V&igrave; v&#7853;y, thay v&igrave; l&agrave; m&#7897;t thi&ecirc;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&ecirc; bia, G34.3 l&agrave; m&#7897;t &#8216;ph&ograve;ng th&iacute; nghi&#7879;m&#8217; h&oacute;a h&#7885;c kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;, ch&#7913;a &#273;&#7847;y nh&#7919;ng h&#7907;p ch&#7845;t ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&agrave; &#273;&#7897;c h&#7841;i.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.tripmap.vn\/blog-npn\/2025\/09\/phat-hien-dam-may-khi-ethanol-khong-lo-trong-vu-tru-2.webp\" alt=\"S&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a r&#432;&#7907;u v&agrave; c&aacute;c ph&acirc;n t&#7917; h&#7919;u c&#417; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p kh&aacute;c trong kh&ocirc;ng gian r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng v&igrave; nh&#7919;ng ph&acirc;n t&#7917; n&agrave;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&agrave; th&agrave;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7845;u t&#7841;o n&ecirc;n s&#7921; s&#7889;ng v&agrave; c&oacute; th&#7875; gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&agrave;nh ph&#7847;n h&oacute;a h&#7885;c c&#7911;a kh&ocirc;ng gian gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c v&igrave; sao v&agrave; ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c ti&#7873;m &#7849;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; s&#7889;ng.\" width=\"100%\"><figcaption>S&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a r&#432;&#7907;u v&agrave; c&aacute;c ph&acirc;n t&#7917; h&#7919;u c&#417; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p kh&aacute;c trong kh&ocirc;ng gian r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng v&igrave; nh&#7919;ng ph&acirc;n t&#7917; n&agrave;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&agrave; th&agrave;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7845;u t&#7841;o n&ecirc;n s&#7921; s&#7889;ng v&agrave; c&oacute; th&#7875; gi&uacute;p c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&agrave;nh ph&#7847;n h&oacute;a h&#7885;c c&#7911;a kh&ocirc;ng gian gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c v&igrave; sao v&agrave; ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c ti&#7873;m &#7849;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; s&#7889;ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vi&#7879;c ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n ra &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y &#8216;r&#432;&#7907;u&#8217; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; s&#7921; t&ograve; m&ograve;. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; thi&ecirc;n v&#259;n h&#7885;c hy v&#7885;ng s&#7869; t&igrave;m hi&#7875;u th&ecirc;m v&#7873; s&#7921; h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh c&#7911;a c&aacute;c ng&ocirc;i sao trong thi&ecirc;n h&agrave; c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta th&ocirc;ng qua nh&#7919;ng th&ocirc;ng tin m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; v&#7873; n&oacute;. &#272;&#7875; quan s&aacute;t &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y n&agrave;y, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c &#273;&atilde; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&iacute;nh vi&#7877;n v&#7885;ng v&ocirc; tuy&#7871;n MERLIN c&#7911;a V&#432;&#417;ng qu&#7889;c Anh. Vi&#7879;c n&agrave;y &#273;&atilde; gi&uacute;p h&#7885; thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; nh&#7841;y cao h&#417;n, t&#7915; &#273;&oacute; ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n ra maser methanol hay &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y &#8216;r&#432;&#7907;u&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>Ti&#7871;n s&#297; Harvey-Smith cho bi&#7871;t: &#8216;V&#7851;n c&ograve;n nhi&#7873;u c&acirc;u h&#7887;i ch&#432;a c&oacute; l&#7901;i gi&#7843;i v&#7873; s&#7921; ra &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a c&aacute;c ng&ocirc;i sao kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; b&#7903;i v&igrave; c&aacute;c trung t&acirc;m h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh b&#7883; b&#7909;i che ph&#7911;. B&#7913;c x&#7841; duy nh&#7845;t c&oacute; th&#7875; tho&aacute;t ra l&agrave; &#7903; b&#432;&#7899;c s&oacute;ng v&ocirc; tuy&#7871;n, v&agrave; m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i MERLIN &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&acirc;ng c&#7845;p hi&#7879;n &#273;ang mang &#273;&#7871;n cho ch&uacute;ng ta c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n &#273;&#7875; nh&igrave;n s&acirc;u v&agrave;o c&aacute;c v&ugrave;ng h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh sao n&agrave;y v&agrave; xem &#273;i&#7873;u g&igrave; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>Ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n v&#7873; G34.3 kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; l&agrave;m phong ph&uacute; th&ecirc;m hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta v&#7873; th&agrave;nh ph&#7847;n h&oacute;a h&#7885;c c&#7911;a v&#361; tr&#7909; m&agrave; c&ograve;n cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t c&ocirc;ng c&#7909; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; &#273;&#7875; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh sao, m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng b&iacute; &#7849;n l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a v&#361; tr&#7909;. &#272;&#7875; bi&#7871;t th&ecirc;m th&ocirc;ng tin v&#7873; thi&ecirc;n v&#259;n h&#7885;c v&agrave; c&aacute;c kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; m&#7899;i, b&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; truy c&#7853;p v&agrave;o c&aacute;c trang web chuy&ecirc;n ng&agrave;nh.<\/p>\n<p>C&acirc;u chuy&#7879;n v&#7873; &#273;&aacute;m m&acirc;y &#8216;r&#432;&#7907;u&#8217; kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; n&agrave;y l&agrave; m&#7897;t l&#7901;i nh&#7855;c nh&#7903; r&#7857;ng v&#361; tr&#7909; hoang d&atilde;, k&#7923; l&#7841; v&agrave; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; ch&uacute;ng ta t&#7915;ng t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng, v&agrave; m&#7895;i kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; m&#7899;i l&#7841;i m&#7903; ra m&#7897;t c&aacute;nh c&#7917;a kh&aacute;c cho nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u0103m 1995, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y kh\u00ed li\u00ean sao G34.3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ed3n ethanol, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t 10.000 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i &#8220;thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bia&#8221; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 &#8220;ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc&#8221; v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 methanol, carbon dioxide, amoniac v\u00e0 hydro xyanua. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[11892,5669,11893,11894,490,3297],"class_list":["post-14325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thoi-su","tag-hoa-hoc","tag-kham-pha","tag-sao","tag-thien-duong","tag-thien-van","tag-vu-tru"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14325"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14325\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nopphatnguoi.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}